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Benar2 tercerahkan oleh seminar BKK di Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara ini, khususnya di sesi terakhir tentang Penanganan Gangguan Memori Pada Anak. Bu Winny Soenaryo M.A., OTR/L menyampaikan materi ini dengan sangat baik dan menarik. Tahun depan ada kuliah intensif tentang ini dengan beliau, saya harus ikut!



Beberapa kali saya tertohok mendengarkan pemaparannya. Selain teori, juga langsung praktek dan simulasi, jadi semakin ingat. Saking terpesonanya, saya sampai tidak terpikir untuk memotret beliau. Pas mau posting tulisan ini baru nyadar :))



Beberapa poin penting yang sempat saya catat:



Istilah umum dalam Disabilitas Belajar:
Dyslexia (kesulitan membaca)
Dyscalculia (kesulitan berhitung)
Dysgraphia (kesulitan menulis)
Dyspraxia (kesulitan koordinasi motorik)
Auditory Processing Disorder (kesulitan memproses bahasa verbal)
ADHD (kesulitan memberikan dan mempertahankan perhatian dalam aktivitas belajar atau bermain)



Anak yang mengalami kesulitan belajar belum tentu adalah seorang disabilitas belajar. Disabilitas = sesuatu yang membatasi. Ada kriteria-kriterianya sebelum mereka didiagnosa.



Kebanyakan anak dengan learning disability memiliki IQ di atas rata-rata, tetapi mereka ada kesulitan tertentu dalam belajar.



Disabilitas belajar bukan karena mereka malas, tidak mau belajar, tetapi ada keterbatasan dan disefisiensi dalam otak mereka. Anak2 dengan disabilitas belajar ini bukan hanya kesulitan dalam belajar tetapi juga dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka.



Tom Cruise memiliki kesulitan belajar. Dalam satu kesaksiannya ia bersyukur papanya tidak memaksanya berprestasi di sekolah karena ia sulit baca. Untuk menghafal script, ia menyewa orang untuk membacakannya sembari ia beraktivitas.



Albert Einstein pun begitu. Ia ditolong orangtuanya untuk mengatasi kesulitannya. Ibunya diberi surat oleh gurunya yang mengatakan anaknya punya masalah. Ketika Einstein melihat dan bertanya, ibunya hanya mengatakan tidak apa2, gurumu bilang kamu genius dan lebih cocok belajar di rumah. Padahal yang sebenarnya gurunya bilang Einstein adalah idiot.



Selain orangtua, peran guru untuk menolong anak2 dengan disabilitas belajar juga sangat penting.



Jangan terburu-buru mendiagnosa anak mengalami Learning Disability, sebab bisa saja anak hanya mengalami gangguan memori.



Kemampuan kognisi seseorang sangat dipengaruhi oleh memori mereka. Bagian atensi dan memori ini sejajar.



Short Term Memory (STM) –>> tersimpan kurang dari 15 detik



Long Term Memory (LTM) –>> tersimpan lebih dari 15 detik



Long Term Memory terbagi menjadi:



Episodic: menyimpan memori untuk peristiwa spesifik. Contoh: belajar untuk ulangan. Habis ulangan lupa :p



Autobiographical: fakta pribadi, pengalaman emosional yang signifikan. Contoh: memori masa kecil.



Semantic: tentang dunia sekitar dari pengalaman pribadi. Bersifat lifetime. Contoh: bahasa.



Procedural: jenis keterampilan yang bisa dilakukan secara otomatis. Contoh: nyetir, udah ngga pake mikir :))



Selain STM dan LTM, ada juga Working Memory (Memori Kerja). It works like Sticky Note. Working Memory adalah memori yang harus digunakan saat melakukan pembelajaran.



Kenapa anak ingat dengan detail waktu diajak jalan-jalan, tapi kalau belajar sering lupa? Karena anak cenderung kuat di memori personal dan lemah di memori fakta. Makanya kalo ngajarin anak pakai tools yang sesuai minatnya. Misal, anaknya suka komik, boleh tuh beliin buku komik pengetahuan (Seperti serial Why).



Anak-anak yang kesulitan mengikuti instruksi multi-step biasanya kesulitan dalam working memory.



Semakin teknologi berkembang menyebabkan semakin memori kerja berkurang, dan berakibat pada memori manusia menurun. Sedikit-sedikit cek gadget buat lihat nomor telepon, jadwal, mengingat sesuatu.



Overload informasi dapat menyebabkan memori menurun dan mengakibatkan zone out.



Cari tau strategi memorimu! Apa saja Strategi Memori yg bisa digunakan?



Repetisi. Menulis ulang, mengulang ucapan.



Pengelompokan. Metode chunking (memecah-mecah. Misal: 1234 567 890 instead of 1234567890). Bisa juga pengelompokan berdasarkan kategori (makanan, minuman, pakaian, dll).



Merangkai kata dalam kalimat dan kisah.



Memakai aritmatika. Memakai kartu-kartu untuk mengingat angka.



Metode merangkai cerita. Gunakan keyword untuk mengingat.



Metode mengingat lokasi (kemampuan spasial).



Menggambarkan informasi verbal. Gunakan petunjuk verbal.



Menggambarkan informasi visual. Gunakan petunjuk visual.



Describing & naming.



PENTING:



(!) Jangan paksa anak menggunakan strategi memori sesuai dengan strategi pilihan memori orangtua / guru! Karena tiap orang berbeda. Cari tau apa strategi memori yang sesuai dengan mereka, dan gunakan itu saat membantu mereka belajar.



(!!) Jangan memarahi anak ketika mereka bertanya. Apresiasi keingintahuan anak. Kalau nanya dimarahin, anak jadi males nanya lagi.



(!!!) Jangan bunuh curiosity dan critical thinking anak karena itu adalah skill yang sangat penting bagi bekal kehidupan mereka.



Duh, saya jadi pingin cepat sampai rumah dan peluk anak2 erat2! Minta maaf kalau selama ini mommy sering salah merespon :(



PS: Karena nggak ada foto dosennya, jadi pakai foto teman2 Studi Pastoral aja deh :)



Rabu, 8 Juni 2016
Nuniek Tirta Sari ~ otw home

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